1 - Authors Style Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis, Psychopathology

1 - Authors Style - Diction - Fugues of Speech/Vocabulary - Syntax, Sentence Structure Talk Activity Response 3 - Alienation A getting some distance from pull back or separation from one society or condition. - Psychological:Talking to hollyhocks - Emotional:Feeling distanced in light of what you feel - Physical:Being ceaselessly from individuals - Social:Being ceaselessly from individuals like you - Geographical:E.g.. Santa is distanced. Away from the remainder of the world Distance is the topic of the story. 4 - Mental Illness Term used to portray unusual conduct Alcoholism:The wild want fro liquor/ These are the two diseases rewarded together : Physical, Social Factors - Childhood:Parents couldn't have cared less :Excessively over defensive :Post encounters :Genetic All reasons for dysfunctional behaviors likewise know as multi-factorial 6 - 11 Ungelating : Rolling movement. Hopeless : Sad, discouraged. Venn Diagram Paradoxical expression : Two things negating one another 2 - Schizophrenia - Brain expire - Disorder in feeling - Relating to other people 1 out of 100 become schizophrenia. A few causes - Genetic - Bio Chemical - Nutritional Manifestations : Illusions : Withdrawal structure individuals : Poor cleanliness : Strange discourse designs : Odd convictions : Magical Superstitions Intercessions : There are distinctive prescription for various side effects : They obstruct the activities of neuro transmitters Maniacal - Out of touch from the real world and can't separate incredible from genuine. Side effects : Sense of weakness and despair : Grief : Anxiety : Irritability : Falling out of connections Liquor - overdose Medications - Alcohol misuse Medicine - Tranquilizers ( take out side effects of psychotics ) Symptoms - Yellowing of the eyes and skin - Sore all through, fever. Psyconurotic-Over clean 7 - 8 - Shock medicines (2 Types) - Drug actuated Uses insulin, it was relinquished in the 40 - 50's since individuals had seizures. - Electric ConvulsiveUses unwinding drugs. Two anodes are set on sanctuaries. Electric heartbeat is sent and mind has seizure. (Utilizations to treat melancholy, Schizophrenia, madness) Causes memory misfortune. Utilized as discipline for uncooperative patients. Hyper Cycle Emotional wellness issues Generally happens to individuals between 35 - 45 8/1000 People - Polar - Bipolar - Extreme responses to sentiments - doesn't impact. 3 stages - Depressive : Person profoundly restless. - Normal : Normal and seems to have been relieved. - Manic : Highly dynamic and hollers a ton and none senseical in discourse. - Chromosome 11 is an inadequate Jean.- - Time of stages changes from minutes to days to months. Treatment - E.C.T. Electrical convulsive treatment. - Some individuals end it all while others are socially distance, they depend on drugs and additionally liquor.

Childcare: Nursery School and Children Essay

This approach speaks to the concurred standards for Safeguarding Children all through the Nursery. All Nursery staff, speaking to Jack in the Box at Yewtree Nursery have concurred this approach. Presentation The wellbeing, security and government assistance of every one of our kids are of fundamental significance to all the grown-ups who work in our Nursery. Our kids reserve the option to insurance, paying little heed to age, sexual orientation, race, culture, foundation or incapacity. They reserve an option to be sheltered in our Nursery. This arrangement is in accordance with LSCB (Local Safeguarding Children Boards) neighborhood direction and methods. Points and destinations Our points are: * to give a sheltered domain to kids to learn in; to set up what moves the Nursery can make to guarantee that youngsters stay safe, at home just as at school; * to raise the familiarity with all staff to these issues, and to characterize their jobs and duties in announcing potential instances of misuse; * to recognize kids who are enduring, or liable to endure, noteworthy mischief; * to guarantee compelling correspondence between all staff on kid security issues; * to set down the right methodology for the individuals who experience any issue of defending. Legal Framework This arrangement is planned utilizing the DfES archives: ‘Circular 10/95 †Protecting Children from Abuse: The Role of the Education Service’, ‘Working Together to Safeguard Children’ (2006), ‘Safeguarding Children and Safer Recruitment in Education’ (2006) and Hertfordshire Safeguarding Children Board Child Protection methodology (2007). Segment 175 of the Education Act 2002 presented another obligation requiring overseeing bodies and LAs to have proper kid security techniques set up. This arrangement assesses the solicitations set out in the Children Act 2004 (‘Every Child Matters’). Nursery Schools are required to guarantee that they have proper techniques set up for reacting to circumstances in which they accept that a youngster has been manhandled or is in danger of misuse †these systems ought to likewise cover conditions in which an individual from staff is blamed for, or associated with, misuse. DfEE Circular 10/95 (Protecting Children from Abuse: The Role of the Education Service) puts the accompanying obligations on all schools:- * Nurseries ought to know about and follow the systems set up by the Safeguarding Committee * Nurseries ought to have techniques (of which all staff know) for dealing with associated cases with maltreatment of understudies, including methods to be followed if an individual from staff ought to be made aware of indications of misuse and know to whom they should report any worries or doubts * The Designated Senior Person ought to have duty regarding co-ordinating activity inside the Nursery and liaise with different organizations * Staff with assigned duty regarding Safeguarding ought to get proper preparing Circular 10/95 likewise expresses that â€Å"parents ought to be made mindful of the Nursery Schools Safeguarding Policy and the way this may expect cases to be alluded to the insightful offices in light of a legitimate concern for the child†. This including the police. The Designated Senior Persons (DSP) Miss Jennifer Underwood (Senior) Miss Karen Paddick (Deputy) The Designated Senior Persons (DSP) for Safeguarding are the supervisors of the Nursery. The DSPs’ job is to:- * guarantee that the Hertfordshire Area shielding Committee’s Safeguarding Procedures are followed in the Nursery * guarantee that all staff know about these methodology * guarantee that proper preparing and backing is given to all set up * create viable working associations with different organizations and administrations * conclude whether to make further move about explicit concerns (for example allude to Children Schools and Families Referral and Assessment Team) * liaise with Social Work Teams over associated cases with youngster misuse * guarantee that exact records identifying with singular kids are kept in a safe spot and checked ‘Strictly Confidential’ * submit reports to, and join in, Safeguarding Conferences * guarantee that the nursery adequately screens kids who have been distinguished as ‘at risk’ * give direction to guardians, kids and staff about getting appropriate help. * Keep in the know regarding every pertinent strategy and enactments * Attend TAC (Team Around the Child) and CAF (Common Assessment Framework) gatherings Nursery Procedures * if any individual from staff is worried about a youngster the person must educate the DSPs’ * data in regards to the worries must be recorded by the individual from staff around the same time on a ‘cause for concern’ sheet (which has a blueprint of a body on it †staff should precisely record their interests). The chronicle must be a reasonable, exact, true record of the perceptions and must be dated. These sheets are kept in the DSP’s ‘Children Causing Concern’ record, which is kept safely in the supervisors bolted organizer. * the DSP will choose whether the worries ought to be alluded to Children Schools and Families. On the off chance that it is chosen to make a referral to Children School and Families this might be managed without earlier conversation with guardians * if a referral is made to Children Schools and Families, the DSP will guarantee that a composed affirmation of the worries is sent to the ‘Call Centre’ inside 48 hours when mentioned * specific consideration will be paid to the participation and improvement of any kid who the nursery accepts to be ‘at risk’ or who has been set on the Safeguarding kids Register * records identifying with Safeguarding kids will be kept in a safe bolted place, separate from the child’s general document * if an understudy who is known to be on the Safeguarding kids Register changes nursery school, the DSP will illuminate the social laborer liable for the case and move the fitting records to the getting School/Nursery, in a safe way, to a named individual, and separate from the child’s general document. Forestall Abuse by methods for good practice * Adults will never be disregarded for extensive stretches of time, with singular kids or with little gatherings * Adults that have no CRB authentication or applicable childcare capabilities will never be disregarded with a kid. * Children will have normal circle time and conversations on fitting conduct * All staff know about where to get to the reaction telephone number. It is obviously shown on notice sheets inside the nursery. Staff preparing A reasonable checking and notwithstanding preparing is set up for all new staff and clear approaches are in staff handbook. All grown-ups in the Nursery get standard preparing to raise their consciousness of misuse, and to improve their insight into Safeguarding techniques that have been concurred locally. The greatest timeframe before boost preparing must occur is three years. All staff have examinations and yearly execution the executives which are educated by peer on peer perceptions. When to be concerned Staff ought to be worried about a student on the off chance that the person in question:- * has any injury which isn't run of the mill of the knocks and scratches ordinarily connected with children’s wounds * normally has unexplained wounds  * as often as possible has wounds (in any event, when clearly sensible clarifications are given) * gives befuddled or clashing clarifications on how wounds were continued * displays noteworthy changes in conduct, execution or mentality * enjoys sexual conduct which is surprisingly express or potentially improper to their age * uncovers an involvement with which the person may have been hurt * gives other reason to accept that the person in question might be enduring critical damage Managing a revelation On the off chance that an understudy unveils that the person has been manhandled somehow or another, the individual from staff should:- * tune in to what is being said without showing stun or skepticism * acknowledge what is being said * permit the kid to talk uninhibitedly * console the kid yet not make guarantees which it probably won't be conceivable to keep * not guarantee privacy †it may be important to allude to Children Schools and Families * console the person in question that what has happened isn't their flaw * stress that it was the best thing to tell * tune in, as opposed to pose direct inquiries * if essential, pose open inquiries, not driving inquiries * not censure the supposed culprit * disclose what must be done straightaway and who must be told. Record keeping and checking At the point when a student has made a divulgence, the individual from staff should:- * make brief notes during and as quickly as time permits after the discussion * not decimate the first notes on the off chance that they are required by a court * record the date, time, place and any recognizable non-verbal conduct and the words utilized by the kid * complete the graph with a framework of a body shape, to show the situation of any wounding or other injury * record proclamations and perceptions as opposed to translations or presumptions on the occurrence report structure. * the DSP is required to attempt a yearly Safeguarding Checklist Dealing with an exposure from a kid, and a Safeguarding case when all is said in done, is probably going to be a distressing encounter. The individual from staff should, in this manner, think about looking for help for him/herself and talk about this with the DSP. Whistleblowing It is imperative to Jack in the Box that any extortion, unfortunate behavior or bad behavior by representatives or individuals at Jack in the Box is accounted for and appropriately managed. At Jack in the Box we urge all people to raise any worries that they may have about the lead of others in the setting or the manner by which the setting is run. At Jack in the Box, we perceive that successful and fair correspondence is basic if misbehavior is to be viably managed. histleblowing identifies with all staff and volunteers who work inside the setting, who may now and again imagine that they have to bring with somebody up in

Add Author Image Beside your Blog Post Title

Add Author Image Beside your Blog Post Title Profile image beside your blog post titles gives you more personal feel to your site. It indicates the credibility of real author to readers and the site doesnt generate auto content with no attention to readers. Before proceed make your picture40px X 40pxby using any image resizer and upload it in any image hosting site likePhotobucketorBitlyand get the image link. So now let's add this beautiful trick to your blogger blogs and make things even more eye catching. Step 1Log in to your blogger account and Click on Template -Edit HTML- Proceed Step 2Now find the below code in your template by pressing Ctrl+F (Windows) or CMD+F (Mac) .post h3 { color:#04BDFA; font-size: 20px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0 47px; } The Code can be differentbut concentrate on .post-body h3 { or .post h2 { Step 3Replace this entire code with below code, .post h3 { background:url(IMAGE LINK OF YOUR PROFILE PIC) no-repeat top left; color:#04BDFA; font-size: 20px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;; font-weight: normal; height:45px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 10px 0 47px; line-height:1.1em; } Customization Now replace theIMAGE LINK OF YOUR PROFILE PICwith your own image link Replace#04BDFAwith the post title color code of your blog. UseBloggerSpice Color Pickerfor more color code. Step 5Save your template and you are done! If you faced any problem then do not hesitate to leave a comments. Happy Blogging!

In What Ways Do Images Construct Identities Discuss Using...

NAME: SEBASTIAN T ESSAY QUESTION 3 In what ways do images construct identities? Discuss using specific examples. In what ways do images construct identities? Discuss using specific examples. Stuart Hall defines identity as an ‘already accomplished fact, which the new cultural practices then represent’. We should think instead of ‘identity as a ‘production’ which is never complete, always in process, and always constituted within, not outside, representation’ (Hall 1994 p.392). An individual’s sense of belonging to a particular group, thinking, feelings and behaviour can also be referred to as identity. One’s cultural image can construct identity; such features as hair, skin tone and height. History shapes our identity.†¦show more content†¦Some people find their identity by reading a book, using myself as an example I did not know much about my country of birth until my father told me stories about Ghana and through my own reading and research I found out my identity and l had a better understanding about the culture. According to Kellner, 1990 Identity can be forged out of products of media culture . While individuals or groups can be identified by certain clear cut features, they can also be given their identity by certain symbols. The use of racial stereotypes can help to identify an image or give the underlying message that an object conveys, in Barthes terms, what is its ‘’myth’’. (Hall 1997 p.228) Figure 1: Matthew Mcconaughey perfume commercial for Dolce amp; Gabbana, one gentleman The commercial shown in figure 1 is for a perfume called ‘the one gentleman’ which Matthew Mcconaughey a well-known actor did for Dolce amp; Gabbana, a trade mark for designer products. The commercial tells us that this is a body spray to use when one wants to be seen as a gentleman. In reality a gentleman is not a man who just uses this body spray, but a man is seen as a gentleman by certain attributes society sees as being acceptable. Commercials like these can really have an impact because the viewer wants to look like the person with the body spray, and themselves be perceived as a gentleman. The unspokenShow MoreRelatedLeadership Is A Construct Used To Define The Relationship1725 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is a construct used to define the relationship between leaders and followers including the skills and behaviors that make an effective leader. Transformational leadership is an approach to leadership that focuses on the emotional and social interaction with followers; it is categorized as being influential, inspirational, and intellectually stimulating. (PSU, L1, P5.). Transformational leadership is the desired approach to being an effective leader. Like any skill, the way to obtain andRead MoreRacism Is Still With Us3110 Words   |  13 Pagesâ€Å"Racism is still with us. However, it is up to us to prepare our children for what they have to meet, and, hopefully, we shall overcome. - Rosa Parks Black people are more likely to face inequity. Discrimination and racism are manifested in the facets of everyday life for many Black people, i.e. healthcare, employment, and education; Black people have limited resources (National Research Council, 2004) a more recent reference will be better. Parents have developed protective mechanisms toRead MoreDiscussing Widdicombe and Wooffitts Suggestions in the Language of Youth Subcultures 2257 Words   |  10 PagesDiscuss Widdicombe and Wooffitt’s finding that members of subcultures ‘resist’ being seen as members of such a group when approached in interview situations. Within this essay I will discuss Widdicombe and Wooffitt’s suggestions made within their book ‘The Language of Youth Subcultures’ regarding resistance and will use the subculture example of punks to portray a clear conclusion. This book is about how different identities, both social and personal are established, maintained and managed withinRead MoreGinny Annilus. Syd3804. Dr. Sarah J. Mahler. Florida International1690 Words   |  7 Pagesgenitalia. This is a common belief, because this is what we are so used to seeing as a society. Being born with only a penis, or only a vagina is not always what happens. When someone is questioned about their sex organs, the responses are usually a penis or a vagina. These are the two most common organs that are used to describe a person s sex. What about a person that was born with sexual organs that don’t match their sex chromosomes? How do they describe their sex? 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His theories addressed the relationship between power and knowledge and how both of these are used as a form of social control through society. The essay will look at Foucault’s work in The Body and Sexuality, Madness and Civilisation and Discipline and Punish which displays how he conceptualised Power and identity on a MarxistRead MoreBrand Association4961 Words   |  20 PagesofOrigin Celebrity Brand Preferences Product Attributes Brand Associations and Brand Equity 5. Critique of Research in Brand Associations Techniques used Operational Definitions Clarity of Ima ge Brand Association Strength Other Constructs Moderating Variables 6. Future Research Directions Theoretical and Practical constructs Techniques Used Multiple Segments Industrial goods and Services 7. References 3 4 9 10 12 14 15 2 1.0 Introduction A successful brand is the most valuableRead MoreA Brief Note On Who S Afraid Of The Frankenstein Monster?3451 Words   |  14 Pagesorganic legacy of our bodies. They are extruded and projected, multiplied and transposed over a plethora of â€Å"independent organs† rendering our bodies not so much obsolete as outside the scope of the relevant discussion of what a body is for the modern human being. Without using the term â€Å"transhumanism† too lightly, this essay will attempt to address the changes in attitudes towards design of space that accommodates for these new augmented bodies of the 21st century. More often than not, even theRead MoreThe Social Structure Of Fashion And Music2162 Words   |  9 Pageswhich to manage their identities in the context of everyday life† (Bennett, 2005, p.98). Through fashion, individuals are able to construct an identity, and express that very same in order to confer and show their position in society. Their gender, class, ethnicity, sexuality, subculture, generation, etc., are all part of their identity (Bennett, 2005). A person’s taste in e.g. fashion and music is also part of their identity. Groupings of people that share similarities in identity, including but notRead MorePersonality and Lifestyle8596 Words   |  35 PagesChapter OBJECTIVES When students finish this chapter they should understand why: †¢ A consumer’s personality influences the way he or she responds to marketing stimuli, but efforts to use this information in marketing contexts have met with mixed results. †¢ Consumers’ lifestyles are key to many marketing strategies. †¢ Psychographics go beyond simple demographics in helping marketers understand and reach different consumer segments. †¢ Identifying patterns of consumption

The Development of Anabolic Steroids in Sports Essay

In 1935 German chemist Leopold Ruzicka synthesized the first human usable injectable version of testosterone which changed sports from that point forward. The two who synthesized the human usable hormone, Butenadt’s and Ruzicka received a nobel prize for their work testosterone. A few years later in the 40’s testosterone-propionate, a specific form of testosterone, was first used by the soviets to improve athletic performance. This led to the Soviets dominance in the olympics in the 60’s. From then on the evolution of performance enhancing drugs expanded exponentially and in turn the use increased dramatically. Other athletes began to follow in the Soviet Union’s steps by implementing performance enhancing drugs into their training†¦show more content†¦After a losing season the coach, Gillman, decided to change his whole teams protocole. He fed all of his players 5 mg of Dianabol 3 times a day in pre season and then introduced a team lifting prog ram with a strength coach. At that time Dianabol was not banned by the NFL and it worked. None of the players had any idea what Dianabol actually was, the Chargers players were given them three times a day and told to lift and that was it. The players then experienced great strength and weight gains with a weight training and eating regimen in the 5 weeks that they took the required Dianabol. From then the 4-10 team went to a power house team who won their championship that year. The team reported being stronger and having more endurance while and after taking Dianabol, which is half the battle in football. An example of this is how the quarterback of the team, Haiti explained that during this period and asked if he took it and he replied,The linemen did, and they started looking like Popeye a month later (Quinn 2009). From this point on after PED use in the NFL exploded, but it originated in the NFL’s Wild West Period.(Quinn) Anabolic steroids mimic the hormone testosterone in different way by injecting, ingesting, or applying via ointment . The main ways they work is,† All AAS exert both androgenic and anabolic effects. â€Å"Androgenic refers to the masculinizing effects, for example, growth of genital size, muscle growth, and maleShow MoreRelatedAnabolic Androgenic Steroids Is A Huge Problem Among Today s Athletes857 Words   |  4 PagesComposition Mrs. Vidden 14 January 2015 Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse in Professional Sports Anabolic-androgenic steroids are a huge problem amongst today’s athletes. The use of these drugs has been around for many years in sports. Understanding anabolic-androgenic steroids and why people take them is needed in the process of trying to eliminate them from professional sports. Also, players knowing and understanding how the negatives of anabolic-androgenic steroid use outweigh the positives will hopefullyRead MoreSports Philosophy And Recreation : Anabolic Steroids1430 Words   |  6 PagesSports Philosophy and Recreation Are Anabolic Steroids Important Of Body Building? I will argue no that anabolic steroids are not important for body building because they have great negative effects. The use of anabolic steroids has been discouraged over the years because of their side effects, and they are against the philosophy of sports. The steroids are medicine and protein supplements that aid in the body building. I hugely oppose the notion that anabolic steroid are imperative in buildingRead MoreAbstract. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Are Ergogenic Resources1723 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Anabolic Androgenic Steroids are ergogenic resources commonly used by athletes in search of better achievement performances. However, the use of these substances by non-athletes, for aesthetic purposes, have become a growing problem in gyms and sports centers. This conduct has favored the indiscriminate and abusive use of these steroids, exposing its users to health risks. Anabolic steroids are a subset of androgens, namely, synthetic compounds derived from testosterone, developed for therapeuticRead More The Prolonged Effects of Steroids Essay791 Words   |  4 Pagesharmless injection. The injections and pills are harmless for now. When abused the effects of anabolic steroids are lethal. Anabolic steroids are an illegal drug unlike their counterpart, the corticosteroids. You will soon learn the consequences of using an illegal advantage of steroids in sports and on the body. If you want to know about the effects of steroids you first must know what steroids are. Steroids are a medicine taken by mouth or injection and, when used correctly can heal your injuryRead MoreSteroids Is Not The Ideal Choice For Many Health Reasons1554 Words   |  7 Pagesgames for using steroids† (History). The use of steroids has forever changed the world of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of skill and talent. Steroids could possibly be legalized although there are many risks, people are caught everyday using steroids, people could be harmed from using steroids, and many negative consequences are caused from the use of steroids. Steroids are not the ideal choice for many health reasons. The use of steroids in men can causeRead MoreEssay about Steroids in Professional Sports976 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in Professional Sports Sports is one of the most popular forms of entertainment we have today. Whether it’s football, basketball, soccer, baseball, etc., fans are willing to pay ridiculous amounts of money in order to watch sports. There are few issues in the world of sports. But there is one issue that stands out, steroids. Although steroids may increase strength, stamina and athleticism, they are incredibly harmful to your body and should never be used. Still, some athletes persist inRead MoreSteroids Is Not The Ideal Choice For Many Health Reasons1495 Words   |  6 Pages162 games for using steroids† (History). The use of steroids has forever changed the world of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of skill and talent. Steroids could possibly be legalized although there are many risks, people get caught everyday using steroids, people could be harmed from using steroids, and there are negative consequences from the use of steroids. Steroids are not the ideal choice for many health reasons. The use of steroids in men can cause manyRead MoreAnabolic Steroids Summary Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesThesis: Anabolic Steroids are powerful drugs that help the body gain mass, but also hurts the body with drastic side effects. I. Basic Information A. Anabolic Steroids Aid Body Growth B. Have Drastic Side Effects II. Side Effects of Steroids A. Ways to tell somebody may be using steroids B. Side effects of Steroids in Males C. Side effects of Steroids in Females III. Different Types of Anabolic Steroids A. Oral Anabolic Steroids B. Intravenous Anabolic Steroids IV. Teen UsageRead MoreCase Study : Mr. Big Of New Zealand 1624 Words   |  7 Pagesnumbered and is trying (in spite of his slurred speech and hard-to-follow thought processes) to spread a message before he dies. That message is: DO NOT ABUSE ENHANCMENT DRUGS AND STEROIDS. Justin’s primary method of achieving his size was to experiment with whatever enhancement drug he could get his hands on including steroids. He basically turned his body into his own scientific guinea pig experimenting with enhancement drugs of all kinds to find the quickest way to gain size and strength. JustinRead More The Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesEnhancing Drugs in Sports Is the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports dangerous? To what degree do these drugs really enhance strength, size, training ability, and muscular performance? Not only are the answers to these questions still unclear, they are the subjects of deep controversy. In order to understand why we are confronted with the problem of performance-enhancing drug use in athletics today, we must look at the history of the development of anabolic steroids: a group of powerful

Pros And Cons Of Mcdonalds Essay - 701 Words

McDonalds: Welcome sign in the high street or a place to avoid? In this essay I will be discussing the pros and cons of fast foods. Now a day every body will recognize the golden arches of McDonalds, it is hard not to. McDonalds has restaurants everywhere, beside major roads and in almost every high street. Their commercials are on television at least once a day. They became popular within a couple of years. Teenagers especially like McDonalds because of the relaxed atmosphere, cheap prizes and the fact that all over the world you know what you are buying. In restaurants I find that the waiter there look at me and think that I might not be able to pay for the meal. With McDonalds I find that every person is welcome to come in and eat, no†¦show more content†¦Mostly the animals are living in bad conditions. Chickens get born with foot disorders. But then again I guess that the animals the produce the meat for the top class restaurants suffer the same. The fast food industry advertises with the target of children. With there freebies and bright adverts the get children to make their parents take them to McDonalds. They manipulate the easiest target. Children will moan and whine until they go to McDonalds. If health stores had the money to advertise then I am sure that they too would be popular. Just as it is now health shops are rather expensive and have a major â€Å"hippy† label. If the prices would go down and the public realized what was better for them, the popularity of the stores would increase. I don’t understand who decides what is popular or not. I think that people are just like blind dummies that just follow the majority, being different is just not accepted by society After taking a survey in the class it turned out that eleven people out of fifteen went to McDonalds in the last seven days at least once. I think that the reason that McDonalds is so popular is because McDonalds is an American way of life, and by eating it you are buying into the American life style. America has always dominated trends, not only in eating habits but also in fashion and Americans mostly dominate the music charts. Personally I like eating at McDonalds, but it is not like I have to eat there because my whole class eats there. IShow MoreRelatedPros and Cons of Mcdonalds2326 Words   |  10 PagesWhy I will never eat at McDonalds (Pros And Cons Of McDonalds) The golden arches of McDonalds... Fast foods...Junk foods...Processed foods.... They all have taken permanent residence in our lives. Theyre tasty and some of the best anytime snacks that always have at least a couple of takers. No wonder they are so popular. In this essay I will be discussing the pros and cons of fast foods in general and McDonalds particulalrly (as it’s the worlds largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurantsRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Mcdonalds718 Words   |  3 PagescenterbMcDonalds: Welcome sign in the high street or a place to avoid?/b/center br brIn this essay I will be discussing the pros and cons of fast foods. Now a day every body will recognize the golden arches of McDonalds, it is hard not to. McDonalds has restaurants everywhere, beside major roads and in almost every high street. Their commercials are on television at least once a day. They became popular within a couple of years. Teenagers especially like McDonalds because of the rel axedRead MoreCase Study: Pros and Cons About McDonalds Modernization Essay1421 Words   |  6 Pagespay for great service with ok food, and are less likely to pay for great food with poor service. Quality, of both service and food, is the cornerstone of any successful restaurant, from the largest, like McDonalds, to the smallest hometown Mom and Pop diner. Pro: Continued success and growth. Con: Repeat history and have to endure another cycle of diminishing returns. Two, personally, I have not visited a single McDonald’s that has any lounging furniture in its store. My recommendation is to continueRead MoreProduct Selection Paper1229 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss product selection and will focus on two products selected. Team A will analyze the products and discuss the pros and cons in comparison to each other. Team A will also discuss the decision making criteria used to select the products and lastly analyze baseline data important to the design of the product. Team A has decided to select the food service industry and to select McDonalds as the organization for the paper. The two new products selected are the McBurrito, a burrito, and the McTurkeyRead MoreMcdonald s Success Of The Fast Food Industry Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive From: Fakhriddin Yuldashev McDonalds McDonald’s Corporation operates and franchises restaurants all over the world. We are in competitive industry of quick service restaurants that is expected to grow 22% by 2017. We are the leading global food service retailer by means of over 34,000 restaurants in more than 118 countries, serving about 50 million people daily. Total revenue in 2012 was $27.8 billion, which is over 2% increase from 2011,yet McDonalds was struggling to drive sales. Net-IncomeRead MoreExternal and Internal Analysis Mcdonalds Essay2377 Words   |  10 PagesDate: August 23, 2010 To: Professor Kopka From: Veronica Salas Subject: Strategic Analysis for McDonalds EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS External Analysis There are two conditions that are most significant in McDonald’s external environment that are: 1. The new trend in which customers are changing fast –food restaurants to healthier ones. 2. The arising competition to achieve growth in this industry. The fast-food industry is very complex and saturated. The keyRead MoreNations Should Promote Localization, Not Globalization Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagesare stepping up in their strife against globalization. In California, the nations largest apparel union has protested against Guess decision to move jean production to Mexico. The corporation has two options which are both weighed down by pros and cons to either decision. The union workers believe that the corporation would be gaining to many benefits of untamed globalization, fattening profits while squeezing wages and encouraging downsizing. They are obviously not wrong but this isnt necessarilyRead MoreFast Food764 Words   |  4 PagesWhat are the Pros and Cons of Junk Food? Junk food industry is taking off these days, which incites both young and old. There are various pros and cons of junk food. Junk food such as fries and pizzas are tantalizing for everyone. Junk foods are filled with calories and fats without nutritional values. One benefit of fast food is that you can walk in, order and eat. For the modern youth, vegetables and fruits are not that appealing as compared to junk food such as pizzas and fries. Junk foodsRead MoreMcdonalds : An American Icon1980 Words   |  8 PagesSummary: First we could say that McDonalds is an American icon, but now it’s safe to say that it’s a well know iconic company around the world. With over 30 different names for McDonalds here are a few interesting ones, and in which part of the world these names are used. McDonald’s is also known as  the Golden Arches, Mickey-D’s,   Macca’s (Australia), Mackey-D’s, Placcy-D’s and  McDog (Britain), McDo (France), MacDoh (Quebec), Mekkes,  Mekki, McDoof [literally McStupid] and Der Schotte (Germany), MacDeeRead MoreFat Head And Supersize Me900 Words   |  4 Pageshis experiment to show the impact of eating McDonalds by recording his diet and comparing his health before and after the fast food challenge. Fat Head portrays Tom Naughton refuting the legitimacy of the results of Supersize Me and the Lipid Hypothesis. A pro of Supersize me is that it shows how too much fast food can be bad for you because it can lead to health problems such as obesity, bad cholesterol, high blood pressure, and heart problems. Another pro of the 30 day experiment that Morgan is that

Oxygen Analysis Essay Example For Students

Oxygen Analysis Essay OxygenOxygen, symbol O, colorless, odorless, tasteless, slightly magneticgaseous element. On earth, oxygen is more abundant than any other element. Oxygen was discovered in 1774 by the British chemist Joseph Priestley and,independently, by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele; it was shown to bean elemental gas by the French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier in his classicexperiments on combustion. Large amounts of oxygen are used in high-temperature welding torches, inwhich a mixture of oxygen and another gas produces a flame of much highertemperature than is obtained by burning gases in air. Oxygen is administered topatients whose breathing is impaired and also to people in aircraft flying athigh altitudes, where the poor oxygen concentration cannot support normalrespiration. Oxygen-enriched air is used in open-hearth furnaces for steelmanufacture. Most of the oxygen produced in the United States is used to make amixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen called synthesis gas, used for thesynthesis of methanol and ammonia. High-purity oxygen is used also in the metal-fabrication industries; in liquid form it is of great importance as a propellantfor guided missiles and rockets2. I have chosen the element Oxygen because without Oxygen, human beingswould not be able to live. Oxygen is probably the single most important elementin the world as we know it. With out Oxygen we would not breath, have water, eatplants. Oxygens Electron configuration is 1S2 + 2S2 + 2P4, itselectron dotsymbol is:. Gaseous oxygen can be condensed to a pale blueliquid that isstrongly magnetic. Pale blue solid oxygenis produced by compressing theliquid. The atomicweight of oxygen is 15.9994.Oxygen composes 21percent by volume or 23.15 percent by weight of the atmosphere; 85.8percent by weight of the oceans and, as a constituent of most rocks and minerals,46.7 percent by weight of the solid crust of the earth. Oxygen comprises 60percent of the human body. It is a constituent of all living tissues; almost allplants and animals, including all humans, require oxygen, in the free orcombined state, to maintain life.3Three structural forms of oxygen are known: ordinary oxygen, containingtwo atoms per molecule, formula O2; ozone, containing three atoms per molecule,formula O3; and a pale blue, nonmagnetic form, O4, containing four atoms permolecule, which readily breaks down into ordinary oxygen. Three stable isotopesof oxygen are known; oxygen-16 (atomic mass 16) is the most abundant. Itcomprises 99.76 percent of ordinary oxygen and was used in determination ofatomic weights until the 1960s. Oxygen is prepared in the laboratory from salts such as potassiumchlorate, barium peroxide, and sodium peroxide. The most important industrialmethods for the preparation of oxygen are the electrolysis of water and thefractional distillation of liquid air. In the latter method, air is liquefiedand allowed to evaporate. The nitrogen in the liquid air is more volatile andboils off first, leaving the oxygen. Oxygen is stored and shipped in eitherliquid or gaseous form. Oxygen is a component of many organic and inorganic compounds. It formscompounds called oxides with almost all the elements, including some of thenoble gases. A chemical reaction in which an oxide forms is called oxidation. The rate of the reaction varies with different elements. Ordinary combustion, orburning, is a very rapid form of oxidation. In spontaneous combustion, the heatevolved by the oxidation reaction is sufficiently great to raise the temperatureof the substance to the point that flames result. For example, phosphoruscombines so vigorously with oxygen that the heat liberated in the reactioncauses the phosphorus to melt and burn. Certain very finely divided powderspresent so much surface area to the air that they burst into flame byspontaneous combustion; they are called pyrophoric substances. Sulfur, hydrogen,sodium, and magnesium combine with oxygen less energetically and burn only afterignition. Some elements, such as copper and mercury, form oxides slowly, evenwhen heated.Inactive metals, such as platinum, iridium, and gold, formoxides only through indirect methods. For discussion of oxides of elements seeseparate articles on each element.3A Guy jumps of a ship in the middle of the ocean and he swims and swimstowards an island. Having second thoughts about leaving the world, he startedscreaming at a passing ship. The added oxygen to his blood caused his face toturn dark purple. The captain of the ship saw the man, waived to him, and didntpick him up. I guess it was because he was Marooned. Science

Portrait Of A Lady Essays - The Portrait Of A Lady, Chains

Portrait Of A Lady It is an unquestionable fact of life that human nature is flawed. Human beings have a variety of weaknesses that may differ from one person to the next. How one deals with this ultimately determines whether it will or will not destroy the person. The faults that humans possess stem from an open field of possibilities that they are able to choose from as they build their own character. However, as much as individual free will is desirable, as all other parts of the natural world, it can include negative aspects, as well. Probably, the most difficult element is being able to make good choices, keeping in mind what Mahatma Gandhi once said, "Freedom is not worth having if it does not connote freedom to err." Once a state of freedom is attained, all of its sides are encompassed. This essential human cycle of freedom has progressed along with the changing times, views, and values in society. It is depicted by many authors in countless novels. Henry James' perception accurately describes the shifts that occurred in society during the late nineteenth century. He uses colorful characters in his writings to express his opinions on actual revolutionary outlooks of the time and to comment on human nature. The Portrait of a Lady is an example of his view on freedom. The quest for personal freedom destroys Isabel Archer in Henry James' The Portrait of a Lady. Isabel Archer is introduced instantly, in the novel, as a woman with strong and uncompromising convictions. The first glimpse of Isabel shows that she is "quite independent" (James 27). This early description sets expectations for her character. When Isabel herself appears on the lawn of Gardencourt, where she is met by the family she has never known, she strikes Ralph as having "a great deal of confidence, both in herself and in others" (James 31). Isabel's charisma could be felt by people that were strangers to her. Her attitude and stubborn personality shine through and can be visible in everything she does. A little later at Gardencourt, Isabel is appalled at the very idea of being considered "a candidate for adoption" after her aunt takes her away from her home where she had no parents: "I'm very fond of my liberty," she says (James 35). Clearly, Isabel is not afraid to let others know how she feels, no matter how disagreeable her views may be. One such subject is liberty, which means to know everything, including all the possibilities ahead in order to choose freely, confidently, responsibly; as when she tells her aunt that she always likes to know the things one shouldn't do, "so as to choose" (James 86). Such frank language is what makes Isabel who she is, a person who takes risks, often thoughtlessly. Unsurprisingly, Isabel reveals she is afraid of becoming "a mere sheep in the flock" because she wants to be the sole free master of her own fate (James 182-183). In other words, Isabel declines to be anybody's puppet. Choosing the direction that her life heads is only her decision, even when she cannot make that choice skillfully. Although Isabel cherishes it, her independence is not necessarily always best for her. With the passing of time at Gardencourt, Isabel Archer reveals more of her headstrong qualities. Her uncle's passing allows her to reveal this. When Isabel's uncle dies, he gives the humble, yet sharp, girl a large amount of money which changes her life. Isabel's newly acquired fortune brings her an enlarged freedom, however problematic. Consequently, Isabel believes that she is now freer than ever before. However, she is scared of the burden of tremendous responsibility involved in complete, unquestionable freedom. She is free- she thinks- to choose her own fate. And so she believes she does when she fulfills her "one ambition- to be free to follow out a good feeling" (James 374). The heroine follows this principle of freedom throughout the rest of the novel. Constant anxiety surrounds Isabel about the use she would ever make of her freedom, which she never doubts or questions. By accepting the consequences her free acts, Isabel is satisfied by doing herself the justice of always being considerate of herself. "She has chosen with the sense that the ordinary benefits of life are not likely to satisfy her, and her major acts [will be] refusals to accept the ordinary" (O'Neill 39). Keeping this in mind, Isabel proceeds throughout the novel with this single ideal. Still, when Isabel becomes really free to make a decision on her own,

APA Guidelines for Correct Form

APA Guidelines for Correct Form APA guidelines have made the documentation process much easier. Using parenthetical citations, you can quickly and easily cite the works of others, avoiding plagiarism and keeping your paper clean. These guidelines have changed since the old days of schooling, and now have been adapted to encompass all sorts of analytical papers and publications. APA Guidelines for Correct Form Perhaps you know how to create a bibliography. But times have changed, and now the correct format for citations is a bit different than you might remember. The days of footnotes and endnotes are long gone, along with pages of citations, for each instance of quotations. What the APA guidelines have done is accomplish documentation with the least amount of hassle. Without unduly interrupting your text, you can quote extensively and give proper credit to the author. In fact, if you quote a single book 56 times, you only need a simple parenthetical citation after each quotation. Then, in your list of works cited, you only need name the publication once. What Are Parenthetical Citations? Parenthetical citations are simply citations enclosed in parentheses at the close of the relevant sentence. Usually these consist of the author or editors last name, along with a page number. These make for easily inserted documentation, and are usually followed by an alphabetized list of sources at the papers end.

Environmental impacts Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental impacts - Coursework Example While oil shale offers an important source of energy, the processing should comply with the regulations of Energy Information Administration and appropriate measures should be undertaken to combat the impacts. The conventional habitats of the living creatures are encroached upon and this adversely affects the biodiversity in a region. The variety in the species begin to shrink owing to unfavorable living conditions. (Kattel 2003). The gaseous, solid and liquid wastes emitted as a result of the extraction process interact with each other to produce more toxic and carcinogenic effects (Molder 2004). This causes immense harm to the health and habitats of all living creatures, including humans. Due to loss of habitat and a source of food, many species become rare and at times extinct from the earth. Also the extraction site has to be evacuated which leads to loss of homes for the inhabiting populations. Huge amounts of water are required during the extraction process and for cooling down the effluents. The discharged wastes run off into the local water bodies, causing water pollution. This harms the aquatic animals and plants. The discharged water laden with waste products like tar, phenol, etc. often seeps into the soil through a process called leaching and then comes in contact with underground water and other potable water sources. Consumption of such water by plants, animals and humans have serious aftereffects (Tuvikene 1999). The open dumping of solid wastes can create the risks of a fire or an accident owing to the self-ignition of some inflammable solids when they come into contact with certain atmospheric gases (Petts 2009). Few of the gases that are released as a result of the thermal processing of compounds and the combustion of wastes cause a rise in global temperature and lead to an irreversible damage to the protective ozone layer. The above figure shows that the temperatures in the Colorado Basin estimated on average over

Microbiology BIO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Microbiology BIO - Essay Example This virus can only cause diseases only when the host immune system is suppressed because of diseases or medication (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2011). Most of the viruses, fungi and parasites affect the eye due to due to direct introduction. This is through surgery, trauma, transplant from infected grafts or through hermatogenous dissemination to the eye organs. The most common eye diseases are caused by fungi. The fungi yeast Candida albicans causes endogenous endophthalmitis, while the Filamentous fungi accounts to one third of all traumatic infectious keratitis. Also, the patients suffering from AIDS may contract various fungal infections of the eye because of weakened immune system (Clinical Microbiology review, 2012). The Candida spp are opportunistic type of fungal pathogens that resides within the human body. The fungal resides without people’s knowledge and causes various infections such as eye infections. When the body immune system is weakened, the fungal quickly attacks the various body parts. This fungal species has the ability to distinguish between a healthy host and unhealthy host and alter its physiology so as to tack the body (Boston,

Improving Education Healthy Lifestyle Malaysia Health And Social Care Essay

Improving Education Healthy Lifestyle Malaysia Health And Social Care Essay Healthcare systems are facing major challenges as they struggle to meet increasing demand with limited resources. Demographic changes, changing disease patterns, illegal immigrants, industrialization, issues of quality and efficiency, shortages or misdistribution of human resources, financial constraint, inadequate research and globalization are the major challenges faced by Malaysias healthcare system as it prepares to restructure itself. Globalization can be described as the integration of economic systems, capital movements and opportunities for different peoples through better information and communication technologies. But locally it has come to mean the increased insecurity and powerlessness that people (particularly poor people) feel in the face of global processes. Impact of globalization on populations health is predictable since globalization will change trade processes and also social and cultural shift. The future healthcare must transform the healthcare system, by making it more integrated, disseminated and virtual. The Malaysian future healthcare system will need to align with and support national health vision and goals. The services must be seen in the context of achieving the vision and the value it adds in achieving national health goals. Existing and the health system of the future must be guided by clear guiding principles and philosophy as well as being robust. Malaysia will develop one of the most advanced health systems of the world by harnessing the power of information and multimedia technologies to transform the delivery of healthcare. Hypertension Hypertension is one of the most common worldwide diseases affecting humans. Because of the associated morbidity and mortality and the cost to society, hypertension is an important public health challenge. 33% of the Malaysian adult population suffering Hypertension and it is including overall gender, race and ages (Lim, Morad et al, 2004) Over the past several decades, research widespread patient education and a concerted afford on the part of healthcare professional have led the decreased mortality and morbidity rates from the multiple organ damage arising from years of untreated hypertension. Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive cardiac failure, end stage renal failure and peripheral vascular disease . Many interrelated factors contribute to these mechanisms and may differ between individuals, such as the rennin-angiotensin system, endothelial dysfunction, salt intake, obesity, genetics and low birth weight (Beevers et. al 2001). The significance on the high blood pressure condition will be more critical, which may lead to the complex complication such as stroke, increase mortality rate and also increase risk of cerebral haemorrhage. The increasing prevalence of the Hypertension due to ageing process, the identification of the risk factors and diagnosis will able to control the Hypertension among the elderly people ( Ong, Oung et al , 2010). In view to improve the healthcare system to be more healthy, the responsibilities of the healthcare provider will focus on the preventive strategy as it will be able to decrease the prevalence of Hypertension in the general population. The main issue to be focused will be on the unhealthy eating habits among the population, lack of physical activity, genetic factor, unhealthy lifestyle, stress and other contributing factors related.. Prevention From Intervention Strategy The prevention and management of Hypertension is to reduce morbidity and mortality by the least intrusive means possible. This maybe accomplish by achieving and maintaining the systolic blood pressure below 140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure below 90mmHg and lower if tolerable, while controlling other modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The treatment to lower levels maybe useful particularly: 1. To prevent stroke 2. To preserve renal function 3. To prevent or slow heart failure progression The above goals maybe achieved by non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods. Before we consider any active treatment of establish hypertension, there is an even greater need to look at the prevention of the disease. Without planning prevention, the hypertension problem will always remain and it will only rely solely on the detection of existing high blood pressure. Primary prevention provide an attractive opportunities to interrupt and prevent the continue costly cycle of managing hypertension and its complications. This primary prevention (non-pharmacological treatment) can be achieved by the following manners: Lifestyle Modification There is no direct randomized evidence demonstrating that reducing blood pressure through lifestyle measure will reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease but it seems likely since trials have shown that benefits of anti-hypertensive treatment are determined primarily by the blood pressure reduction. The benefits of the lifestyle modification are summarized as below To lower the blood pressure in the individual patient. To reduce the need for anti-hypertension drugs and maximize the efficacy To address the other risk factors presence For primary prevention of hypertension and associated Cardiovascular disorders in population. Although there are difficulties in achieving and maintaining proper lifestyle changes, a systemic team utilizing health care professionals and community resources when possible can assist in providing the necessary education support and follow up. Smoking Cessation Cigarette smoking is one of the most powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease and avoiding of tobacco in any form is essential. There is significant raise in the blood pressure accompany the smoking of each cigarette. All hypertensive patients who smoke should receive appropriate counseling for smoking cessation and nicotine replacement therapy should be considered. Those who continue to smoke may not receive the full degree of protection against cardiovascular disease from anti-hypertensive therapy. The cardiovascular benefit of discontinuing tobacco use can be seen as early as within 6 months in all age groups and by 2 years; they are probably at the same risk with non smoker. Manson et al 1992, Doll et al 1994 (Breen J, 2008) state that Smoking cessation is probably the most effective lifestyle measure for the prevention of a number of cardiovascular diseases . Weight Reduction Excess body mass is correlated closely with an increase of blood pressure. Excess body weight increases the risk of hypertension (Stamler, 1991). Usage of nonpharmacological therapy can be used to reduce the weight loss as it has been proven that it is also able to reduce the blood pressure level (Kuller, 2009). The responsibilities on the weight reduction should be begin with own awareness by the high risk population. However with the frequent advertisement by the healthcare provider in the electronic advertisement will be able to create the depth understanding on the important of the reduction of weight. The losing of weight should not drastically occurs, as it lead to the haemodynamic status in the cardiovascular circulation Diet changes In Malaysia, most of the adult and elderly ages develop habit to take heavy supper meal late of the night and sometimes it is contain of high saturated fat that might lead to increasing fat deposition among the population. Fast food consist of high carbohydrate and high sodium contain in prepared foods, that also introduce to the risk of Malaysian population to develop Hypertension. This unhealthy dietary habit only lead to the high statistic of incidence Hypertension. Increasing fruit and vegetable, higher intake of calcium, magnesium or potassium has contributed to the beneficial effects of some of this diet. Regular fish consumption may enhance blood pressure reduction in obese hypertensive patient and yield additional benefits on the lipid profile. Hence all hypertensive patients should be advised to eat more fruit and vegetables, fish and to reduce their fat intake. This diet habit should be developed by providing continuous awareness among the high risk population with providin g them a pamphlet at the public area and introduction on the preparation of low salt diet copyright in the compact disc or download into the website, as it will assist the public on the good eating habit on their own convenience. Physical activity Sedentary patients should be advised to take up moderate level of aerobic exercise on regular basis such as a brisk walk or swim for 30 45 minutes, 3 4 times a week. Regular aerobic exercise reduces BP in nonmotensive and hypertensive individuals (Cooper et al 2000).When compared with more active and fit individuals, sedentary individuals with normal blood pressure have 20 50% increase of developing hypertension. Regular exercise activity has been documented to lower the systolic blood pressure by about 4 8mmHg. Isometric exercises such as heavy weight lifting can have a pressor effect and it should be avoided. Patient with cardiac while other serious health problems need a more thorough evaluation, often including a cardiac stress test and may need referral to a specialist or medically supervised exercise program. Prioritization the Health Issue Policy Government and private healthcare should consider on the development of the policy for the benefit for all. Reinforcement of the government policy will enhance the public oriented program on the important of preventive the hypertension rather than treat the hypertension. Target Group The prioritization will be focus on the high risk group of population, such as executive, professional, new graduate adolescence, obesity individual and genetic. These groups are exposing to the risk of hypertension. The fast pace in the working environment , compounded the fact that work was physically demanding and influence the workers on the limited role (Rafnsdottir and Gudmundsdottir, 2004) especially on their well being activities. The proactive intervention will be able to assist the healthcare provider to prepare the public towards the reduction of the prevalence hypertension, especially in managing obesity, improve diet and increase physical activities. Activities and Reward Program Suggested that all the organization or company focus to improve the healthy well being environment such as formation of the mini gymnasium in order to encourage the involvement of the workers after duty or during break. Nevertheless, it will encourage high commitment to improve their healthy lifestyle without prejudice. Rewards program introduced to the actively participation in the gymnasium will be boost the enthusiasm among the workers in the organization. Thus, it will reduce risk of incidence hypertension and increase healthy life style among the population in cosmopolitan era. Broadcasting Involvement of the broadcasting in promoting the important of healthy lifestyle will enhance the awareness among population on the management of preventing hypertension. Billboard along the highway, public area also able to assist the improvement of knowledge among the public. Public Talk Should be conducted at all ages, begin with primary school students, elementary schools, universities, seminars, workshop and promotion using bunting and banner, as it will create continuous understanding of the disease. Conclusion In 2006 The Third National Health and Morbidity Survey, The Prevalence of hypertension among adult 30 years old and above was 43% has increase 30% compared to 10 years ago (Merican, M, I., 2008). This figures shows that the hypertension can be considered serious illness which may effect the healthy well being among Malaysian population. Furthermore it can cause potentially life threatening if not detect and treated early. Awareness on the hypertension will be no ending as this condition might occur at any level of ages. Contribution of the public towards reducing the hypertension prevalence and early identification of the risk factor enable the well being lifestyle among Malaysian.

Kaupapa Māori Theory and Critical Theory Essay -- Education, Philosop

Discuss how Kaupapa MÄ ori Theory and Critical Theory are similar to one another and yet differ from Deficit Theory. Use examples and references to support your claims. Remember your examples should relate to an educational setting. For many eons the roots of kaupapa MÄ ori theory have grown in Aotearoa by virtue of being the MÄ ori ideology: a philosophical doctrine, incorporating the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values of MÄ ori society; whereas critical theory was developed in the â€Å"Frankfurt School â€Å"in Europe, in the 1930s. But apart from those thousands of miles and years, they have surprising similarities to each other (Pihama, 2001). Nonetheless: kaupapa MÄ ori theory is defined by MÄ ori for MÄ ori (Pihama, 2001). With a similar process, but not in a MÄ ori context, critical thinking analytically questions what is normally recognised as the unquestionable truth and evaluates it before reconstructing it (Elder, 2007). One vital aspect in the relevance to education of critical theory and kaupapa MÄ ori theory is the importance of teachers creating positive learning environments (Ministry of Education, 2010). Contrasting this, an example as defined in the Te Kotahitanga report , is the deficit theory, where mainstream teachers blame the lack of MÄ ori educational achievement on the students themselves, or their families or cultural background (Ministry of Education, 2010). The consequence of this deficit theorising is probable failure of pupils in the school system. Discussed in this essay will be the deficit theory and why education needs to look towards the more positive models of the kaupapa MÄ ori theory and critical theory with their similarities and successes. As prevention is better than cure, especially as the cure com... ...parents have used conscientisation, when they have not complied with the status quo of English medium schools, by moving their children, their whanau, their support and allegiance into the MÄ ori medium schools. Tragically, this has been because of deficit theorising, as MÄ ori have been under represented in educational successes, with teachers feeling there is little they can do to bring about change. Thankfully, for the greater percentage of MÄ ori children who still remain in English medium schools, with professional development models such as Te Kotahitanga, and Ka hikatia, with their MÄ ori education strategy initiatives, educators can create learning contexts that will provide students with those tools that are vital for the future, the tools of creative, critically reflective thinking citizens in a culturally inclusive environment that will benefit all pupils.

Objective Relations Theory

Projective Identification copyright 1996 Hannah Fox, CSW, BCD All rights reserved – may not be reproduced without permission of Hannah Fox ([email  protected] com) This document can be found at: http://www. object-relations. com This presentation will explore several concepts and techniques within the Object Relations theory of family therapy which, if understood, provides a framework for looking at couples and families. Before talking about this approach to family therapy, I would like to explain what object relations theory is all about.Object Relations Theory was originated in England by a group of British psychoanalysts, including Klein, Balint, Fairburn, Winnicott, and Guntrip. Object relations theory was a break from Freud's drive model, and differs from it as follows: Freud's model held that a newborn infant is driven by animal instincts, such as hunger, thirst, and pleasure, but cannot relate to others. Relationships with others only develop later in the course of sa tisfying those needs. In this sense, Freud's model considers relationships to be secondary.In contrast, object relations theory maintains that the infant can relate to others at a very early age and that relationships with others are, therefore, primary. The drive to attach oneself to an object is considered to be the major motivating force. Since we are talking about object relations theory, this is a good time to ask what an object is. In object relations theory, the word object is used with a very specific meaning. It's not literally a physical person, but an internal mental structure that is formed throughout early development.This mental structure is built through a series of experiences with significant others through a psychic process called introjection. Because an infant's earliest experiences are usually with its mother, she is usually the first internal object formed by the infant. Eventually, the father and other significant people also become internalized objects. Intro jection, the process of creating internal mental objects, leads to another process called splitting. Splitting occurs because the infant cannot tolerate certain feelings such as rage and longing, which occur in all normal development.As a result, the infant has to split off parts of itself and repress them. What happens to those repressed split-off parts? They are dealt with through another important process, called projective identification. Projective identification itself is a very specific part of object relations theory. It is a defense mechanism which was conceptualized by Melanie Klein in 1946, having evolved from her extensive study and work with children. According to Klein, projective identification consists of splitting off parts of the self, projecting them into another person, and then identifying with them in the other person.For example, the earliest relationship the infant has with its mother is feeding and touching, but the mother is not always able to respond quick ly enough to the infant's need. Since the natural rage and longing the infant feels at such times are intolerable, to survive these feelings the infant â€Å"splits them off† and represses them from its consciousness. The â€Å"split off†feelings can be thought of as other parts of the self (ego). When such splitting takes place, the infant is free of the rage but has placed that part of itself inside the mother.To make itself whole again it must identify with the mother. The mother may or may not allow herself to become the cntainer for the infant's negative feelings. Even if she doesn't, the projective identification still occurs. The above process begins in the first half year of life, known as the paranoid-schizoid position. It is characterized by an ability to distinguish good feelings from bad, but an inability to distinguish the mother from the self. Depending on how consistent the mothering is, the infant may or may not progress to a higher level of development known as the depressive position.In the depressive position, which starts at about eight months of age, the child takes back its bad feelings from the mother and separates from her. The mother is now seen as a separate object, with both good and bad feelings of her own. The infant is aware of its own good and bad feelings. For a child to reach this level of development, the earlier mothering must be consistent. The mother must have accepted most of the child's projected feelings. A child who reaches the depressive position will, in adulthood, be capable of experiencing, at best, such feelings as empathy, or will at least become neurotic.In contrast, if the mothering is not consistent, the child can't take back its projected feelings and splitting continues both inside and outside the child. It remains in the paranoid-schizoid position or, at best, a precarious form of the depressive position. This type of development is associated with borderline personalities. In the above infant- mother example, the repressed parts of the self, if unresolved, will remain repressed into adulthood. Those parts will govern the choice of marital partner and the nature of marital relationships, and by extension the nature of relationships with children.By the time the couple or family come to therapy the projective identification process has likely progressed to the point of being obvious to the therapist, and will be seen in the members' behavior toward each other. This is usually not so in individual therapy because it often takes time to build the transference relationship with the therapist. So what does this mean for the therapist? What does a therapist have to know in order to work with a family, using the object relations approach? The therapist needs to be trained in individual developmental heory from infancy to aging and to understand that the internal object world is built up in a child, modified in an adult and re-enacted in the family. The family has a developmental life cycle of its own, and as it goes through its series of tasks from early nurturing of its new members, to emancipation of its adolescents, to taking care of its aging members, the family's adaptation is challenged at every stage by unresolved issues in the adult members' early life cycle. Conflicts within any of its individual family members may threaten to disrupt the adaption previously achieved.If any member is unable to adapt to new development, pathology, like projective identification, becomes a stumbling block to future healthy development. The clinical approach is to develop, with the family, an understanding of the nature and origins of their current interactional difficulties, starting from their experience in the here- and-now of the therapeutic sessions, and exploring the unconscious intrapsychic and interpersonal conflicts that are preventing further healthy development. Interpretation and insight are thus the agents of family change.By uncovering the projective ide ntifications that take place among family members, and having individuals take back their split-off parts, members can be freed to continue healthy development. If further therapy is indicated, individual therapy would be a recommendation. Symptom reduction in individuals is not necessarily a goal here. In fact, individual family members may become more symptomatic as projective identificationsare taken back and the members become more anxious. To do this, the therapist needs the following four capabilities: . The ability to provide a â€Å"holding environment†for the family – a place which is consistent – so that eventually the family comes to feel comfortable enough to be themselves in the presence of the therapist. 2. An ability to understand the â€Å"theme†of each session, so that a broad theme can be identified over the course of treatment. 3. An ability to interpret the latent content of patients' manifest statements. 4. An understanding of unconsc ious processes like transference and countertransference.Given those tools, it is the therapist's job to uncover the projective identifications in the family that prevent the children from having a healthy development. Once these projections are uncovered, and the split-off parts given back to the family members they belong to, children are freer to continue healthy development. Having introduced projective identification, I'd like to show how this process operates later in life-in couples and families-and is a framework for doing couple and family therapy. I'm going to present two cases-one of a couple and one of a family-to show how projective identification works.A male patient of mine with little ambition fell in love with a woman who subsequently pushed him to be ambitious. As it turned out, the woman had been repressing her own ambition under pressure from a father who didn't believe women should work. This woman was quite intelligent and obtained a professional degree, yet sh e chose to stifle her ambition in order to please her father. She remained dependent on her father, both emotionally and financially. The husband, my patient, was a professional but quite unambitious. His family's philosophy was that one is lucky to have a job and pay the bills.His father had held the same low paying job for twenty years although he, too, had a professional degree. So why did these two people get married? Since it was unacceptable for her to be ambitious, the wife needed someone to contain those feelings for her. My patient was the ideal object because, although he had an inner ambition, he had no parental support for these strivings. Therefore, he was predisposed to accept and collude in his wife's projection. What is the effect of projective identification when a couple has children?The following example shows how parents use their children as objects. Fern was a woman in her second marriage with two adolescent children. When Fern was a child, her mother favored h er brother. The message she received from her mother was that men were important and had to be taken care of, while women were stupid and born to serve men. Both of Fern's husbands agreed with her mother's philosophy, so Fern spent most of her married life serving them. When the family came to see me, both children were having emotional problems. The son was a heavy user of pot and cocaine.His sister had emotional and learning problems in school. Fern had projected into her son that males were special and needed to be taken care of. It's not hard to see why the son colluded with his mother. The rewards of accepting her projected feelings were too hard to resist, so when he reached adolescence he satisfied his excessive dependency needs with drugs. The message Fern's daughter received was that she was unimportant and stupid. Why did Fern project these feelings onto her daughter? Fern grew up unable to develop her own career goals because her other ignored her wishes to go to college. For Fern to feel sufficiently competent and achieve some career success, she had to get rid of feelings that she was stupid and unimportant. So she projected those feelings on to her daughter and was then able to start a small business. To avoid being totally rejected by her mother, the daughter colluded by remaining stupid and unimportant to herself. Fern's reenactment with her daughter of her mother's relationship with her is a form of projective identification called â€Å"identification with the aggressor,†because Fern is acting as if she is her own mother and her daughter is her (when she was a child).Fern's relationship to her son is also similar to the relationship Fern's mother had to Fern's brother. Because Fern is treating her children so differently, when they grow up they will have very different views of this family. This explains why, in therapy, siblings often talk about the same family very differently. Notice how unresolved feelings from childhood, which Fern split off and repressed, greatly affected her relationship with both children. What do you think is going on in her second marriage? Now I will present an actual transcript of part of a session I recently had with this family.As you will see, it illustrates the process of projective identification and will serve as a basis for further discussion. T: Fern, I wonder, when Donald was talking about being like Roberta and John asked him a question how did you feel? F: What do you mean how did I feel? T: When John asked Donald when he figured out that he was like Roberta and Donald said just now. J: How do you feel about him saying just now. T: And you changed the subject and I wondered what you were feeling. F: I don't know. I T: Donald owned up to some feelings that he was like his father and that part of what he saw in Roberta was like himself.F: Donald is definitely part of D: No but what she's saying is that you changed the subject. That is why she's wondering if you have some feeli ngs about that. T: Exactly. You seemed to have moved away from what was going on here. John was talking to Donald R: She doesn't want us to be like our father. T: Maybe that was upsetting to you? R: He wasn't good to her. D: Subconsciously maybe. It's deep but it's there. F: Well, I don't like Martin, naturally. It's true. I don't like him – I don't think he's a nice person. R: You don't like him at all? D: She loves him but doesn't like himF: I loved him but I never liked him as a person. I never thought he was a good person; that he really cared about me, that he took care of me, that he was ever concerned with me. I remember a couple of things that – I remember having a bloody nose one night when I was pregnant and he went out to play racketball and left me alone. Things like that – He was mean to me – he had no compassion for me. D: That's one thing, I'm not like my father. F: I'm not saying – I'm trying to say I see certain characteristics of their father in them. T: How does that make you feel?F: How does that make me feel? I don't know. I guess part of it, not too good because I would rather them be above that, that is, above that anger, why can't they rise above that anger. I don't want them to be like that because it didn't get Martin anyplace in life. J: I have a very deep question. F: I don't know if I want to answer it. J: You may not but how can you find that with Roberta and Donald being so much alike in prsonality, like Martin, how do you separate Donald's being like Martin and accepting it from Roberta and saying Roberta is just like her father and not accepting it?F: Because Donald never directed his anger at me as a person, as a human being. In other words he never – he might have been angry but he never said to me – he never was mean to me, whereas Roberta has been mean to me, attacked me as a person, Donald never attacked me as a person. T: Donald attacked himself as a person. D: Hmm. T: By t aking drugs. F: But he never attacked me as a person. D: Never, I'm not a mean person. I don't have that mean streak in me. T: You sure? F: You may have it in you D: I don't have a mean streak. F: Sure, everyone T: Who did you direct that meanness to?Roberta directs it out to her mother and who did you direct it to? D: I direct it to her. T: No R: No you directed it at yourself. D: Myself, yeah – I'm mean to myself. F: You were destructive to yourself. T: So what D: But that's different from being destructive to other human beings. F: No, maybe you would have been better off being mean to me or somebody else. Or to your father. R: Let's get back to Uncle John's question. J: No this is part of the answer. D: Yeah – I'm mean to myself. I still am. But I don't destroy myself with anything – with any kind of substances, but I still am.R: What do you mean, you still are? D: I'm hard on myself, critical of myself. R: See, you would never think that of Donald because h e walks around like he's above the world. He does. T: But why would somebody walk – D: But I've been working on that very heavily now T: But why would someone D: That's the way I am; it's the way I am. T: Why would someone walk around like that. D: It's very basic – when I was on drugs and everything like that and I'm fully aware of it, aware that I'm conceited and like I have that air about me – I'm fully aware of it.When I was on drugs I had that part to me but it wasn't as strong as it is now. T: You weren't aware of it then? D: I wasn't really in control of the fact that I control my conceitedness now – I choose to put that on because I have nothing, I have nothing else now. T: Right D: It seems it's like my only defense, to be arrogant and to be conceited because I don't have anything else to back me up so I figure that wall. R: Why do you need – I don't need anything. D: Roberta – because when I was on the drugs and everything like tha t, it was a great wall for me to keep everybody out.Now I want everybody to think big things. Discussion Now let's look at the latent content of this session and identify the projective identifications. Fern was angry at Roberta and not at Donald — why? As John pointed out with his question, Fern saw Roberta and Donald very differently, because of her projective identifications into them. Fern saw Roberta as bad and stupid, just as her mother viewed her when she was a child. She put all her badness and negative feelings into Roberta. Roberta then acted out Fern's feelings by being emotionally disturbed and acting stupid.Her emotional problems exacerbated what had been a genuine perceptual impairment. Because of her projective identification, Fern saw Donald as the good son who needed special attention and care, which was what Fern had seen between her own mother and her brother. Because Donald was not fully accepted by his mother, especially for those qualities that were like his natural father, he acted out his mother's feelings. He was good to her but repressed the rejected parts, turning them against himself by secretly taking drugs. Yet, his mother continued to hold him in high regard, even after his habit had been found out.What Fern did was re-create the family constellation in which she had grown up. Because both children were carrying out their mother's inner life, they were unable to grow and develop their own healthy structures. The next step in therapy was to get Fern to take back the split-off parts of herself: the devaluing of her daughter and the overvaluing of her son. This should help the children take back the part of themselves which they split off and repressed. In subsequent sessions, Fern and I explored what it was like growing up with her mother.She explained that her mother told her that she was stupid and that her brother was special. Fern's daughter told Fern that she was doing the same thing as her mother and that the daughter felt stupid. Fern responded that she had never meant to treat her daughter as stupid. She also realized that her son had many problems and was not so special. In doing so, Fern reclaimed her split-off parts, freeing her daughter to continue a healthier development. Her son was able to leave home and become more independent.

Roscoe Pound and Sociological Jurisprudence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2872 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? INDEX Roscoe Pound à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Introduction Social Engineering Interest Theory Jural Postulates Criticism Case Law Conclusion Bibliography Roscoe Pound à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Introduction Roscoe Pound was one of the leading figures in twentieth-century legal thought. As a scholar, teacher, reformer, and dean of Harvard Law School, Pound strove to link law and society through his sociological jurisprudence and to improve the administration of the judicial system. In the early decades of the century, Pound was viewed as a radical thinker for arguing that the law is not static and must adapt to the needs of society. By the 1930s, however, he was seen as a more conservative figure, fighting the growth of federal government.[1] Pound was born on October 27, 1870, in Lincoln, Nebraska. The son of a judge, Pound attended the University of Nebraska, earning a bachelor of arts degree in botany in 1888. His father convinced him to attend Harvard Law School, but he stayed only one year. The death of his father led Pound to return to Lincoln, where he passed the Nebraska bar examination and was admitted to the bar in 1890.[2] A gifted scholar, Pound could have had a disti nguished career in the sciences, but his appointment in 1901 as a commissioner of appeals for the Nebraska Supreme Court permanently shifted his career to the law. As a commissioner he acted as a temporary appellate judge, helping to reduce a backlog of cases. His opinions emphasized substance over procedure and reflected a concern with the practical effect of the law. In 1903 he was appointed dean of the Nebraska College of Law.[3] Roscoe Pound also made a significant contribution to jurisprudence in the tradition of sociological jurisprudence, which emphasized on the importance of social relationships in the development of law and vice versa. His best-known theory consists of conceptualising law as social engineering. According to Pound, a lawmaker acts as a social engineer by attempting to solve problems in society using law as a tool. He was a prolific writer and his major works include The Spirit of The Common Law(1921, An Introduction to The Philosophy of Law (1922), Int erpretations of Legal History(1923), Law and Morals (1926), etc[4] Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Roscoe Pound and Sociological Jurisprudence" essay for you Create order Social Engineering Man is a social animal and needs a society for his leaving, working and enjoying life. A group of individual forms a society. Society has become an essential condition for human life to develop his or her personality. Therefore society and human life always go together. Every human being has also born with some desires and expectations which are inherent in nature. From childhood to till old age, every human being expects that his or her desire is to be fulfilled for which their arise conflict of desires or claims which comes under the term , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“interestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It is impossible to fulfil all the desires of a human being. So to fulfil the desires of maximum human being for the welfare of society the concept of Social Engineering was emerged and which was coined by Roscoe Pound. [5] The force which asks for the adoption of Social engineering is nothing but the conflict of interests of individuals. Interests more particularly the conflicting interest are the s ubject of Social Engineering. Social engineering is based on the notion that Laws are used as a means to shape society and regulate peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behaviour. It is an attempt to control the human conduct through the help of Law. According to Pound, Law is social engineering which means a balance between the competing interests in society[6] Throughout the exposition of his legal philosophy Pound has spoken of law without attempting to define the term precisely. He has carried on about how law can be a tool for social change i.e that is social engineering thus it is important to know his view on what law is, his typically pragmatic approach has been to assume that the nature of law may best be understood by what it does. Pound sets forth three apparently distinct ideas which have been described by the word law : a regime of adjusting relations and ordering conduct by systematic and orderly application of the force of a politically organized society otherwise called the legal order. body of authoritative materials of or grounds of or guides to determination, whether judicial or administrative. This body of materials may be described more minutely as made up of authoritative precepts, an authoritative technique of development and application, and a background of received ideals of the social and legal order. the judicial and administrative processes, the process of determining causes and controversies according to the authoritative guides in order to uphold the legal order. After pointing out that these are three distinct ideas, and that calling them by the one term has been a source of confusion in discussions on the nature of law, Pound says: If the three meanings can be unified, it is by the idea of social control, [7] He says that like an engineerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s formulae, laws represent experience, scientific formulations of experience and logical developments of the formulations, also inventive skill in conceiving new devices and formulating their requirements by means of a developed technique Here Pound has used two words i.e. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Socialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  means group of individual forming a society. The second word is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Engineeringà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which means applied science carried out by engineers to produce finished products which are necessary for the society and which fulfil all their needs. By combining these two words he tries to say about engineers and what they do. They use the formula which is based on c ontinuous experimentation and experience to get the finished product by means of an instrument or device To elaborate further on Poundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“engineeringà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  , he explained his concept by explaining the role of engineer/architect and equating it to lawyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Just as an engineer chalks up a plan before starting a project so do lawyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s they must work with a goal in mind to uplift society. Lawyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lay down a strong system of law based on jurisprudential principles to satisfy the demand of society. It is in this whole process that law is related to social engineering. Therefore Pound represents à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“experience with lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  , instrument with organs of government, engineers with judge and lawyer and finished product with the wants of human beings and society with a factory. He says that like engineers, the lawyer should apply law in a court room so that the desires of th e people are fulfilled. Therefore he calls law as Social Engineering and says that the aim of Social Engineering is to build as efficient a structure of society as possible which requires the satisfaction of wants with the minimum of friction and waste. It means Law should work for balancing of competing interest within the society for the greatest benefit. Interest Theory In a society everybody is motivated by their own interest and wants that preference be given to his or her interest over the other. Conflicts between interests arise because of the competition of the individuals with each other, with the public in order to satisfy human wants. Therefore it is needed to recognize the interest to which law should take account[8]. For this purpose a legal system has to i. Recognize certain interest ii. Define the limits within which such interest are to be legally recognized and given effect to it. iii. And finally the above interest should be secured. Suppose I want to stand first in the exam. It is my desire. But this desire cannot be fulfilled because there is no legal recognition as there is no stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest in standing first position. Therefore law has to take into account the desires which need recognition. For the purpose of satisfying human interests, Pound defined interest as , claims or wants or desires which men assert de facto about which the law must do something if organized societies are to endure.[9] Pound classified various interests which are to be protected by the law under three categories which are the following[10]: 1. INDIVIDUAL INTERESTS: These are claims or demands involved from the stand point of the individual life which consists of interest of personality, interest in domestic relations and interest of substance. 2. PUBLIC INTEREST: These are the claims or desires asserted by the individual from the stand point of political life which means every individual in a society has a responsibility towards each other and to make the use of things which are open to public use. Interest in preservation of state. 3. SOCIAL INTEREST: These are the claims or demands in terms of social life which means to fulfil all the needs of a society as a whole for the proper functioning and maintenance of it. Interest in preservation of general peace, health, security of transactionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, preserving social institutions like religion, politics, economic. It is found that there is overlapping of interest between Public and Social Interest because both are same. Pound is silent about the overlapping of interest and discussed the problem of interests in terms of balancing of Individual Interest and Social Interest. He has classified the interest into three categories but talks about the balancing of only Individual and Social Interest. It is also found that interests are the subjects on whom law has to apply social engineering. Jural Postulates What are the guidelines on the basis of which social engineering should be carried out? Poundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s answered this by saying that every society is based on basic assumptions which help in ordering of interest. One interest is of more value than that of other and the object of law should be to satisfy the interest which is in the benefit of the maximum people. Thus these assumptions are identified as jural postulates which are based on hypothesis[11]. According to Pound, jural postulates are not the absolute one and they keep on changing as the needs of the situation, place and time demands. In 1919, Pound summarized the postulates which every individual in civilized society must be able to take it for granted that[12]: Others will not commit any intentional aggressions upon him. E.g. Assault, battery, wrongful restraint etc. Others will act with due care and will not cast upon him an unreasonable risk of injury. E.g. Negligence He can appropriate what he has created by his own labour and what he has acquired under existing economic order for his own use. E.g. agricultural land and usufruct as property. The people with whom he deals with in the general intercourse of society will act in good faith. E.g. Defamation He must keep the things within his boundary and should look after those things so that their escape should not harm others. E.g. Ryland vs. Fletcher case In 1942, Pound added three new postulates in the list which are[13] : A person will have security as a job holder. E.g. ruled by labour law, law of contract Society will bear the burden of supporting him when he becomes aged. E.g. 1/3rd concession in railway ticket, ceiling of income tax range is more. And the society as a whole will bear the risk of unforeseen misfortunes such as disablement. E.g. reservation quota for physically disabled person in education, travel etc. The jural postulates are to be applied both by the legislators and judiciary for evaluating and balancing the various interests and harmonizing them. He has not said anything about the interest which will be given more priority over other. 5. Criticism Pounds theory of social engineering has been criticized on various grounds. It is contended that the classification of interests by pound is in the nature of a catalogue to which additions and changes have constantly to be made which is neutral as regards the relative value and priority of the interest enumerated. Poundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory of social engineering has been criticized for the use of the term engineering, which equates society to a factory like mechanism. Law is a social process rather than the result of an applied engineering. Equating society with a factory is also not correct because the former is changing and dynamic in nature whereas the latter is more or less static. Again , poundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s emph asis on engineering ignores the fact that law evolves and develops in the society according to social needs and wants for which law may either have develops in the society according to social needs and wants. A general criticism against poundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory is regarding his use of the word engineering because it suggest a mechanical application of the principle to social needs, the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“engineeringà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is used by pound metaphorically to indicate the problems which the law has to face, the objectives which it has to fulfil and the method which it will have to adopt for this purposes. Pound does not give an ideal scale of values with reference to interests. In fact pounds himself has admitted that philosophy has failed to provide an ideal scale of values and that the best that jurist can do is to proceed with the task of adapting law to the needs of his generalization the choice between conflicting ideologies is one for the community at large. Another criticism against his theory is that emphasis on engineering ignores an important part of law which develops and evolves in the society according to social needs the law simply recognises or approves it. This dynamic feature of law is undermined. Pound himself has inserted a certain evaluation by describing the interest in individual life as the most important of all. However, there is a danger of an implicit evaluation in the grading of interests as individual, public or social. What is an individual and what is a social interest is itself a matter of changing political conceptions. Many interests come under different categories. 6. Case Law To see the effect of Poundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory on interest we can look at the various judgments delivered by our courts giving effect to them. It has been witnessed through the action of Supreme Court in Vellore Citizenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Welfare Forum Vs. The Union of India[14] in which Kuldip Singh J. delivered the judgment that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“even if the industries are of vital importance for the countries progress as they provides employment but having regard to the pollution caused by him, the principle of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾sustainable developmentÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸ has to be adopted as a balancing concept between ecology and developmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . In this case the two principles emerged i.e. precautionary principle and the Polluter Pays principle. In a land mark case of Union Carbide Corporation vs. Union of India[15], the Supreme Court laid down the rule of Absolute Liability in which it was held that where an enterprise is engaged in a hazardous or inherently dangerous activity and harm results to anyone on account of an accident in the operation of such hazardous activity, then the enterprise involved is strictly and absolutely liable to compensate to all those who are affected by the accident. In this case regarding the compensation the Court said that the measure of compensation must be correlated to the magnitude and capacity of the enterprise because such compensation has a deterrent effect for future accident. It can be seen from these judgements that social interest is prevailing in India. Conclusion Law plays an important role in reconciling and adjusting conflict of interests. Both the Social Interest and Individual Interest prevail over each other. Priority is given to all interests. Roscoe Pound has given the concept of Social Engineering for the American Society but this concept is followed by other countries in resolving disputes. India has also followed the same concept in establishing a welfare society. Both Judiciary and Legislators play an important role in enacting the statutes which fulfil the various desires of human being. In this society desires of human being grows and to fulfil their desires new policies, strategy has been developed. Bibliography Dr N. V. Paranjapee, Studies in Jurisprudence and Legal Theory, 6th edition 2011, Central Law Agency C.N.SHANKER RAO, Sociology Primary Principles, 3rd edition 2000, Published by S. Chand Company Ltd New Delhi Braybrooke, E K The Sociological Jurisprudence of Roscoe Pound 5 UWALawRw (1961) Linus J. McManaman à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Social Engineering: The Legal Philosophy of Roscoe Poundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  33 St.J LwRv 1958 B.N.MANI TRIPATHY, An Introduction to Jurisprudence and Legal Theory,18th edition 2004,Aallahabad Law Agency https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Roscoe+Pound https://www.roscoepound.org/whoisroscoe.aspx https://www.wcl.american.edu/journal/lawrev/10/10-2.cfm https://www.dpcc.delhigovt.nic.in/pdf/vellore.pdf [1] https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Roscoe+Pound visited on 10/9/2014 [2] https://www.roscoepound.org/whoisroscoe.aspx visited on 10/9/2014 [3] Supra at 1 [4] Dr N. V. Paranjapee, Studies in Jurisprudence and Legal Theory, 6th edition 2011, Central Law Agency, pg 71 [5] C.N.SHANKER RAO, Sociology Primary Principles, 3rd ed 2000, Published by S. Chand Company Ltd New Delhi, pg. 155 [6] Ibid at 5 [7] Braybrooke, E K The Sociological Jurisprudence of Roscoe Pound 5 UWALawRw Pg 2 (1961) [8] Linus J. McManaman à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Social Engineering: The Legal Philosophy of Roscoe Poundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  33 St.J LwRv 1958 [9] Ebid at 8 [10] Dr N. V. Paranjapee, Studies in Jurisprudence and Legal Theory, 6th edition 2011, Central Law Agency, pg 72 [11] B.N.MANI TRIPATHY, AN INTRODUCTION TO JURISPRUDENCE LEGAL THEORY,18th edition 2004,Aallahabad Law Agency, pg 49 [12] Dr N. V. Paranjapee, Studies in Jurisprudence and Legal Theory, 6th edition 2011, Central Law Agency, pg 73 [13] Ebid at 12 [14] (1996)5SCC647 [15] AIR 1990 SC273